An article in this months Guinea Pig magazine sugests that they can.
This was an anecdotal personal opinion based upon one case history and with no microbiological or scientific substantiation.
Most human colds are caused by a range of viruses (eg rhinovirus) - which are not transmissible to guinea pigs, Most virl infections tend to be species-specific.
However guinea pigs have been shown to contract human influenza virus (ie "flu") when deliberately infected in laboratory situations....They can also be infected with adenovirus (which also infects humans to cause cold-like symptoms) with debilitating or fatal results.
Secondary bacterial infections that accompany a cold (eg when you get sinusitis or bad coughs) "might" be transmisslble and these are what you need to look out for. Bacteria are more able to jump the species barrier to cause infection than viruses because of the differing manner in which they infect the body (they are not reliant on attaching and entering host cells unliike viruses - they are more able to live externally on mucosal surfaces)
Whilst the prospect of guinea pigs contracting a routine human cold virus is low in most circumstances - it does no harm to observe good hygiene when you are suffering - just in case you are brewing "other bugs" associated with colds. ...and as we have seen this year - there are some very nasty bugs around causing long-term coughs and sneezes!